Residual effects of soil Zn fertilization on soil characteristics,yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common worldwide and is a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum because most P. grandiflorum is cultivated on soils with slight or severe levels of Zn deficiency in China. To investigate the effects of soil Zn fertilization on P. grandiflorum and its residual effects on soil characteristics, a randomized complete block design was conducted at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University China in 2016–2018. In 2016, ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was used as Zn fertilizer. The fertilizer levels of Zn fertilizer were designed as 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg ha^?1 and were denoted as CK, Zn₄, Zn₆, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀. No Zn fertilizer was used in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that soil Zn fertilization increased the quantity of soil bacteria, and actinobacteria, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀ treatments increased the soil fungal quantity in 2017, whereas the effect was observed only in the Z₁₀ treatment in 2018. Soil Zn fertilization enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, decreased that of phosphatase, and did not influence the invertase activity in both 2017 and 2018. Both the yield and the quality of P. grandiflorum in the succeeding three years increased due to the soil Zn fertilization in 2016. Overall, soil Zn application is a suitable approach to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum, and the residual effects of a one-time soil Zn fertilization could last at least two years.     

Chilling Tolerance, Cold Hardening and Freezing Tolerance of Low-temperature-tolerant Mutants of Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura

Two low-temperature-tolerant mutants of the Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura cultivar ‘Puck’ derived from an x-radiated tissue culture system were compared, as vegetatively growing plants, to ‘Puck’ ssfor several physiological properties under low-temperature conditions. So far, the low-temperature tolerance of the mutants has been defined as the capacity to flower earlier under low temperature conditions (8—15°C) the wild type. All three lines were not chilling sensitive in the vegetative state and were able to acclimatize and to develop freezing tolerance. Differences between ‘Puck’ and the mutants were found but could not be related to the low-temperature tolerance of the mutants in the generative phase. Levels of the amino acid proline increased during the hardening process, reaching the highest level in the cultivar ‘Puck’. No evidence could be obtained that proline is causally involved in the cold-hardening process. Freezing-induced membrane injury was found to decrease with cold hardening (0—28 days) but the two mutants did not show a greater capacity to acclimatize and cold harden than the original cultivar ‘Puck’.     

土壤耕层深度和施肥深度对桔梗根部主要农艺性状的影响

[目的]探索优质高产的桔梗栽培方法。[方法]在15、20、30、40cm的耕深和不施肥、全层施肥、深层施肥（30～40cm）的3个施肥深度条件下,调查桔梗根的主要农艺性状。[结果]在耕深试验中,30cm耕深条件下的主根长最长、根粗最粗、单根鲜重最重,但侧根数也最多;施肥效果为深层施肥的效果好于全层施肥和不施肥。[结论]试验结果对山区、半山区桔梗栽培体系的建立有一定的参考价值。     

桔梗花粉贮藏研究

通过研究不同干燥处理、不同贮藏温度对桔梗花粉生活力的影响,阐明贮藏过程中桔梗花粉生活力的变化规律.结果表明:桔梗花粉45℃脱水干燥4h,花粉生活力明显下降,但干燥处理后的脱水花粉其耐贮藏性明显高于正常花粉;随着贮藏天数的增加桔梗花粉生活力逐渐下降,但10℃、4℃、-20℃(脱水花粉)、-50℃低温条件保存的桔梗花粉,随着贮藏温度的下降花粉生活力下降速度明显减慢,贮藏时间明显延长.     

地被菊花幼苗耐旱性评价方法研究

 选用地被菊品种White Snow 10叶龄扦插生根幼苗进行自然失水胁迫和PEG胁迫处理。划分了不同处理萎蔫指数，测定了鲜样质量保持率、叶片水势、叶片溶质渗透势、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结果表明，萎蔫指数划分的主要形态特征因胁迫方法而异。自然失水胁迫8 h为幼苗恢复极限；在恢复极限内复水，幼苗鲜样质量保持率、叶片水势、MDA含量和SOD以及CAT活性的变化规律显著。20％PEG胁迫4 h为恢复极限；复水期间的鲜样质量保持率、叶片溶质渗透势、MDA含量和SOD活性的变化规律显著。综合上述，这2种方法都可以用于地被菊花幼苗耐旱性快速评价；不同的胁迫处理方式可利用的水分状况和生理指标存在一定的差异。     

洋桔梗离体快繁技术研究

[目的]建立洋桔梗高效的快速繁殖体系,为工厂化生产提供可行的操作程序。[方法]以国外进口的洋桔梗F1代种子(品种名称为Polestar yellow)无菌苗的叶片为外植体,对不定芽的诱导、单芽增殖、无菌苗生根等进行了研究。[结果]结果表明:6-BA和IBA组合对洋桔梗叶片不定芽的诱导效果较6-BA和NAA组合好,叶片最佳的分化培养基为MS+6-BA0.6 mg/L+IBA0.04 mg/L,1个月内正常芽平均分化数为8.3;最佳的单芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.8 mg/L+NAA0.04 mg/L,1个月内正常芽的增殖倍数为7.4;无菌苗在含有IBA0.25 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基上,生根率、平均每苗的根数均最大。[结论]该结果为洋桔梗的工厂化生产奠定了基础。     

SO2胁迫对大花蕙兰叶片保护酶活性的影响

采用0.10%、0.40%、0.70%的Na2SO3溶液浸泡处理来研究模拟大气污染胁迫下大花蕙兰(Cymbidium grandiflorum)叶片内保护酶活性的变化,比较2、4、6、8h后叶片内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化过程,结果发现,随着Na2SO3浓度的升高,SOD的活性均高于对照组,但幅度随时间延长而降低;POD活性在处理2～6 h内高于对照组,且呈上升趋势,而6～8 h低于对照,且呈急剧下降趋势;CAT的活性只有在0.10%的Na2SO3处理下高于对照,其余呈缓慢下降趋势.说明高浓度Na2SO3处理后期,叶片内保护酶系统清除活性氧的能力下降,从而引起细胞膜的损伤.     

桔梗种质资源的RAPD分析

利用25个随机引物对56份来自不同国家和地区的桔梗种质资源进行RAPD分析,共扩增出212条带,其中104条多态性带,其多态率为49.05%。用UPMGA法建立了56份桔梗种质资源的亲缘关系树状图,以遗传距离0.1375为标准将56份种质资源分为8大类群。结果表明:56份种质资源的聚类结果与地理分布几乎一致。     

‘小黄’菊遗传转化再生体系的建立

以‘小黄’菊茎段、叶盘为外植体 ,选用MS培养基为基本培养基 ,附加激素 6 BA和NAA ,通过研究不同激素浓度组合对外植体愈伤诱导及不定芽分化的影响 ,建立了较好的遗传转化再生体系 .试验结果表明‘小黄’菊茎段、叶盘最适分化培养基分别为MS +6 BA 2mg L +NAA 1mg L和MS +6 BA 1mg L +NAA 0 1mg L ;小苗的最佳生根培养基为 1 2MS +NAA 0 1mg L ,生根率可达 10 0 % ;4 0mg L卡那霉素可以抑制茎段的分化 ,10mg L卡那霉素可以抑制叶片的分化 ,2 0mg L卡那霉素可以抑制分化小苗的生根 .     

桔梗等3种中药材有机氯农药残留研究

采用丙酮水提取体系、二氯甲烷液液分配、浓硫酸磺化净化技术、气相色谱OV－1701毛细管柱内标法对桔梗、牛蒡子和两头尖中有机氯农药残留进行了研究，结果表明：这3种中药材中均有不同程度的有机氯农药残留，但基本上未超过国家标准中人参有机氯农药最大允许残留限量。